The diagnoses of ALS requires the presence of several factors.

A brain-computer interface (BCI), also known as a brain-machine interface, is a system that allows a person to control a computer or other electronic device using only his or her brainwaves, with no movement required.

Although cognitive and behavioral symptoms were documented in patients with ALS-type motor neuron disease in the late 1800’s, many of us were trained that ALS, and motor neuron diseases in general, do not impact thinking and behavior. Within the last 10 years, there has been a convergence of research on ALS clinical symptoms, neuro-radiographic patterns of pathology, and genetics that have shed important light on the association between motor neuron disease, cognition, and behavior.

Changes in speech are common with ALS and progress over time. Learning about and implementing timely strategies and proactive steps will enable you to maintain optimal communication. Beginning work with a speech therapist (i.e. speech language pathologist or SLP) familiar with ALS at the earliest sign of speech or voice changes, and even prior to changes, can be invaluable. In this article we look at what causes speech and voice changes and the important steps to take at various stages of ALS to insure you can communicate effectively.

Patients who experience swallowing problems often notice that they seem to salivate more. The fact is, they may not be salivating more, but the saliva is pooling in the mouth because of an inability to swallow it. Excessive saliva can be one of the most frustrating symptoms of ALS to manage. It can also be life threatening, since it frequently causes choking, especially at mealtimes when saliva secretion is increased and chance of aspiration is greatest.

A feeding tube is a small, flexible tube, about ¼” in diameter that is an alternative route for nourishment and hydration.

Compiled by the Stony Brook Dietetic Interns and updated 2012

In our work at The ALS Association’s National Office and Chapters, we all encounter a variety of situations involving persons with ALS and their families.

Does ALS cause pain? The answer is yes, although in most cases it does so indirectly. From what we know at this time, the disease process in ALS only affects the nerve cells controlling strength (motor neurons) in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Fortunately, these nerves don’t send pain signals back up to the brain.

It is not unusual to notice the first symptoms of ALS in the arms or legs. There may be only a slight weakness or clumsiness in the affected limb at first and the person with ALS (PALS) may be able to go without orthotics until the weakness progresses to a more noticeable level. However, adaptability, comfort, and independence can be greatly enhanced with the proper orthopedic devices and/or products.

Freedom of movement - walking, going up and down stairs, getting off the floor, completing daily activities, exercising—these are just a few of the activities that many of us take for granted and are able to perform without limitation. For an individual with ALS, these often become difficult or even impossible to do. As weakness develops in the legs, trunk muscles or diaphragm, active movement can become limited.

Mucus is a gel substance naturally secreted by the lungs’ cells and glands that lines the surface of airways. The lungs respond to inhaled irritants by increasing the production of mucus.

People with ALS are already at increased risk for respiratory problems associated with viral and bacterial infection, and the flu can deliver a harsh blow. The flu season in just around the corner and can start as early as October, the most beautiful month of the year. The flu can cause decreased appetite and a severe cough, both of which are significant problems for people with ALS. Importantly, about 90% of the deaths due to the flu occur in persons older than 65 years, the same age group of many of our ALS patients. So "yes," you need a flu shot.

Emergencies and disasters can strike quickly and without warning, forcing people to leave or be confined in their home. For the thousands of Americans with ALS, emergencies such as fires, floods and acts of nature present a real challenge. It is important that people with ALS and their family members make plans to protect themselves in the event of a disaster. This needs to be addressed not only at home, but also when away from home, such as at work or on vacation.

Driving an automobile is an economic, social, and recreational necessity for most Americans. A privilege most teens seek, driving soon occupies a central role in the lives of most adults. For people with medical problems, such as ALS, conflicts may arise in balancing self-reliant driving privileges and society's need to protect public safety.

Dressing and undressing are often challenging task among people with limited mobility. While buttons and zippers are frustrating for some folks, others may find reaching arms through armholes of putting legs through leg holes tedious chores. Besides the obstacles people face for dressing independently, it is not always easy for their assistants. Wearing accessible clothes and selecting attire to meet individual needs will make dressing easier, sparing unnecessary aggravation and fatigue.

Coughing is a familiar, yet complex reflex action that functions to clear material from the airway. It protects the airway from irritants, saliva, or foreign particles that may have been inhaled (aspirated), and secretions, cellular debris, and microbes generated by the lungs or bronchial tree. Coughing can be involuntary; a reaction to inhaling a foreign particle or wayward food particle, or voluntary, intentionally taking a deep breath to clear mucus from the throat.

As ALS progresses, daily routines frequently change for people with ALS and their caregivers. Activities, those that were once automatic, may require either extra time and/or physical help. Oral care is one routine that can be easily forgotten.

Information on benefits that are available to the disabled through Social Security

Being a caregiver of someone with ALS is a very important role. It usually involves a number of tasks that can be very time consuming, and can require a great deal of effort. If we do not learn to recognize that certain tasks and expectations can take their toll on us, regardless of what role(s) we play in life, we may find ourselves headed down the path of burnout.